The Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) contracted with PIRE to conduct an outcome evaluation of drug treatment in Afghanistan. PIRE led the development and implementation of the evaluation design for the project, including all data analyses and reporting. A probability sample of 32 Afghan DAT Centers, located in 18 of the 34 Afghan provinces, participated in this evaluation. A total of 1,022 patients were interviewed within one to five days after completing detoxification. Follow-up interviews were conducted with eight hundred sixty-five (865 or 85%) 12 months later after completing primary treatment and most of the secondary treatment. Urine drug screens were also conducted with all clients.